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Functional Neurological Disorder (FND)

Careful neurological assessment of functional symptoms, diagnosis and medico-legal issues in FND and related presentations.

Overview

FND cases are often clinically and legally sensitive. The central issues may include diagnosis, differentiation from structural disease, causation, functional limitation and the relationship between symptoms and the history relied upon.

These matters require balanced, precise opinion. Neurological evidence should be careful, non-partisan and grounded in a clear understanding of how functional symptoms present in practice.

Common Medicolegal Issues

  • Whether the diagnosis of FND is clinically supported.
  • Differentiating functional symptoms from organic disease.
  • Causation following trauma or other alleged trigger.
  • Functional impact and day-to-day limitation.
  • Misdiagnosis or delayed recognition issues.
  • Non-epileptic attacks and overlap with seizure presentations.

How Expert Evidence Assists

A neurologist can explain why the diagnosis is or is not supported, how the presentation should be interpreted, and what the likely implications are for causation, prognosis and function. Expert medico-legal evidence can also help distinguish FND from other neurological explanations and place the reported symptoms in proper clinical context.

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